Forty-seven is the saddest age of all, study finds: 'There is an unhappiness curve'
The New Yorker has written of “the great sadness” of actor Ben Affleck, who is 47 years old. A new study pegs 47.2 as the age when people in the developed world have the least amount of happiness, and 48.2 in developing nations.
“Unhappiness is hill-shaped in age,” David Blanchflower, a professor of economics at Dartmouth College and former Bank of England policy maker, writes in work published this week by the National Bureau of Economic Research. “There is an unhappiness curve.”
In one paper, Blanchflower examines the relationship between unhappiness and age using data based on nearly 10 million people across 40 European countries and the United States.
You’re on the downward slope
He used 15 different measures of unhappiness: despair, anxiety,
loneliness, sadness, strain, depression and bad nerves, phobias and
panic, being downhearted, having restless sleep, lost confidence,
tension, feeling left out and “thinking of yourself as a worthless
person.”
He also explored responses to two more questions: was it hard to feel
hopeful about the future of the world; and was life in their own
country getting worse?
All showed a midlife dip around age 50.
“You’re
past your prime, you’re past your peak. You’re on the downward slope of
the physical side of things now,” said Dean Burnett, a British
neuroscientist and author of The Happy Brain: The Science of Where
Happiness Comes From and Why.
“It’s like the worst of both worlds.” People don’t have the fun of youth or the security of old age.
In a separate paper, “Is Happiness U-shaped Everywhere?”, Blanchflower, who is 67, explored age and subjective well-being in 132 countries.
After
taking education as well as marital and workforce status into account,
he found rich versus poor countries almost identical, with only a year
difference between the peak age when people are the least happy (47.2 in
the developed world, and 48.2 in developing countries).
The
curve’s trajectory held true whether the median age was high or not or whether people lived in countries with higher life expectancies or not,
he wrote.
It would appear that celebrities, too, are not immune. The New Yorker
has written of “the great sadness” of Ben Affleck, the 47-year-old
actor who, just days after opening up about his sobriety and recovery
process on Instagram last October was spotted clearly intoxicated after a
Halloween party. Friends and family have expressed concern for the
actor.
On Twitter, Blanchflower said his new papers show a
“surprising pattern in the data in 132 countries & numerous surveys
& millions of people runs contrary to claims of some and earlier
psychology literature that there is no such pattern.”
“It’s about isolation, loneliness, lack of help and lack of community.”
“The happiness curve is found in 132 countries. No myth,” he said,
prompting Joe Wiesenthal, co-host of the Odd Lots podcast and “What’d
You Miss?” on Bloomberg TV to respond: “I am looking forward to getting
progressively less happy for the next 8 years of my life.”
“It
looks like something that’s naturally occurring. You can get it in great
apes,” Blanchflower said in an interview with the National Post.
Monkeys live about 50 years. The trough in monkeys is about 30, he said.
Marriage and religion are on the decline in many places around the
world, he said, and the most vulnerable faced with this midlife crisis
are being hit hard. Real wages today in the U.K. are four-and-a-half per
cent below what they were in 2008. Depression is increasing, and the
depth of despair “looks to be disastrous,” said Blanchflower, author of
Not Working: Where Have All the Good Jobs Gone?
“It’s about
isolation, loneliness, lack of help and lack of community. We need to
recognize that this is something real and then help people to get
through it.”
Still, it’s a tricky one to pin down, said Burnett. Among other
concerns, Burnett is wary of extrapolating too much from
population-based estimates of happiness. But he said numerous factors
might explain why happiness takes such a hit at midlife.
I am looking forward to getting progressively less happy for the next 8 years
When we’re younger we have a lot more reasons to be happy. “Children
don’t have huge mortgages or jobs to hold down,” Burnett said. In most
typical families, “You’re provided for; you’re taken care of. You’re
with your family all the time, so you don’t have the loneliness and
anxiety and isolation” that can come in later years.
At the other
end of the curve, age tends to bring more financial security. “You have
your house, your savings, your retirement plans, your family is grown up
and self-sufficient,” Burnett said. It’s not necessarily that there is
more happiness, but rather fewer things to stress out about.
Of course there’s the counter argument. “People have a lot less to
look forward to now — climate problems, economic problems, political
problems,” Burnett said. There’s more isolation and more physical
frailty in old age.
The idea that happiness changes over time, or
that there exist U-shaped curves in human mental states, isn’t a novel
idea. The brain isn’t a static organ, Burnett has said. It adapts to
what it’s presented with. And these are population averages. “There will
be a lot of very substantial cultural and sociological elements that
drives a population’s happiness in either direction,” he said
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